French colonial era

French colonia

French protectorate of Cambodia established part of the French colonial empire in Cambodia. Guardian Unlimited was founded in 1867 when Khmer King Norodom seeking to create a French protectorate over his country while Siam (modern Thailand) renouncing suzerainty over Cambodia and recognizes French protectorate in Cambodia, an official said. Cambodia was to integrate into French Indochina in 1887, together with the French colonies and protectorates in Vietnam (Cochin Annam and Tonkin). In 1946, Cambodia received the right to govern themselves in EU and French protectorate status was abolished in 1949. Cambodia later gained independence and the independence to be held on 9 November 1953.

Cambodia was under French colony for nearly a century, from 1863 until independence in 1953.

In 1863, Cambodia King Norodom turned his country was under French protectorate. In October 1887, the French announced the formation of Union Indochinoise (Indochina), which at that time also enter Cambodia, the right to own the French have as autonomous already with the three regions of Vietnam (Tonkin, Annam and Cochin). In 1893, Laos was included after the French threat to King Chulalongkorn of Siam, will be able to have a war, thereby, forcing him to give up the land.
Arrival of the French power control
During the 19th century, the Kingdom of Cambodia, its vassal state of the kingdom of Siam, which included the country's western provinces, including Angkor power, while the influence of the Nguyen Dynasty, Vietnam has grown up as a threat to the eastern part of the country. After the creation of the French colonies in Indochina (present-day South Vietnam) in 1867, Cambodian King Norodom have asked the French protectorate over his kingdom. When pyoam Paul-de-la-Grand Rapids dye colonial governor Cochin ongoing plan to expand French power in Vietnam, and see Cambodia as a buffer between a domain belonging to the French in Vietnam and Thailand. On 11 August 1863, King Norodom his family signed a treaty which recognizes French protectorate over his kingdom. Under the Treaty of monarchy in the country was left intact, but the power was in the hands of the greatest number of Resident, which is located in Phnom Penh. France is also in charge of the country's foreign relations and trade as well as France also provides military protection. Siam later acknowledged the French protectorate after France handed over the province's Cambodian and Thai recognized management at Angkor. [1] [2]

In 1862, after the admiral's (French governor Saigon) to Cambodia, France, the French understand that geography can create continue to occupy Oddar and Western orientation of Indochina and the district can create barriers territories occupied by the British and French in Indochina. French screen Vienna talks to persuade King (1860-1904) agreed to signed the treaty on French protectorate Cambodia on 11 August 1863. Thailand strongly opposed the treaty and threatened King refused to hand over the royal crown and gave him reachokkothophon. Khmer officials tend pro-Siamese drew King to return to Thailand. But France responded by sending five ships and 100 sailors to greatness and capital Phnom Penh.

France has agreed to hand over Battambang and Siem Reap, and made an agreement with Thailand on crowned King King completeness Phnom Udong on 3 July 1864. Siamese arrived in 1867, as well as recognizing the right of France to the supervisory regime on Cambodia.

Seat of the Governor-General for the entire Indochina Hanoi is located in Tonkin (now northern Vietnam). Cambodia is also a protectorate of French Indochina, which is controlled by Résident Supérieur (Yale Persian Swedish density) for Cambodia, which was appointed directly by the Ministry of Marine and Colonial in Paris. Resident (Rezin Sudan Sweden Persian Syria Yemen), when he was assisted by Residents Board (Rezin density) or local governors (governors), which was placed in the center provinces (town), Battambang, Pursat, Odong and Siem Reap. Phnom Penh is the capital is under the direct management of the Resident (Premium Sudan Yemen).

Resident assumed considerable power, but the person in this position often want power addition. In 1897, The Resident, which is incumbent complained to Paris that the king present of Cambodia Norodom no longer fit to lead and requesting power of the king to tax collection, the Royal Decree, and even appointed officials and choose princes crown kingdom (Son successor). Since then, King Norodom and the country's future became nominally King and Deputy Sattha Buddhism in Cambodia, however, he is still seen as a cult of people through the eyes of peasants. All other power is in the hands of the Resident (Premium Sudan Yemen) and the colonial bureaucracy. The bureaucracy is being created by most French officials and another that is freely permitted Vietnamese were viewed as the Asian-dominated Indochina.

In 1904, King Norodom died. Contrary transfer throne continued into his Son Norodom the French transferred the kingdom to his brother Norodom is King Sisowath Dynasty his not stubborn and nationalistic less for French control over the upper Norodom who presented as royal nationalism sharply. As they saw Norodom constantly responsible for Khmer revolt against French rule. Another reason is that Prince Norodom sapv_preahreachhryty that he would have succeeded him as king, Prince Yukanthor traveled to Europe caused chaos raised publicly about the brutal atrocities of Cambodia's French colonial occupation that they are governed.


Battambang, Siem Reap and the temple back in 1907 during the reign of King Sisowath
Meanwhile, in the reign of King Sisowath and his son, King Sisowath Monivong peace, although the two monarchs no power, not because they are toys and equipment that can be tuned by the French. During the reign of the Quay, the French succeeded in making the King of Thailand's reform King Chulalongkorn signed a new treaty in 1907, which returned the northwestern province of Battambang, Siem Reap and back under the control of Cambodia. In this regard, royal Quay is seen that brought the territory to come back to the country for Cambodia under French colonial rule of oppressive, however.

The political situation
Until.. 19 are in the kingdom Duong (1840 - 1859), the country remained under Siam and Vietnam. They accompanied him to accomplish the work of the Khmer. Since his enthronement Duong cares very little for the massive loss of territory, Thai and Vietnamese to illegal exploitation. You try to find ways to romdaohtukdei and avoid overflow.

In 1854, a French clergyman named (Miche) close to Ave. instruct him to make contact with the French emperor Napoleon the 3rd French to save Cambodia. After receiving the letter and the 3rd Napoleon sent its delegation, Mr. de Mong female dispatched (1855) to survey the situation. Just de Mong female Siamese arrived in Kampot immediately realized this and outcry. Siam Duong threat that if the alliance treaty with France de Montreal Siamese female representation will rise to destroy Khmer mad and did not give the tribes aesthetics. So Thai Duong decided not mind. 1859 Duong died. His eldest son is spunky coronation successor by name for the reign of King.

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French political situation
French everywhere clashed with ambitions of Britain until 1830. France aims to create a wide colonies in Africa and in Asia in return for its colonies have been lost in the United States (Louisiana Letícia was sold to the US, Canada, Britain seized).
French Asian oriented toward southern China and other countries in Indochina, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand. In these countries the Catholic priesthood mission missionary came a long and secret by people who embrace Jesus.
France see tremendous benefits after coming on as a neighbor Selena territory Cochin. French first understand that the Mekong River is an important waterway could infiltrate into southern China. 2, they have to get rid of the dangers that threaten their new colonial countries from Thailand with British imperial behind.
Later in the c.. 1862 general territorial governor of Cochin China into Cambodia kdab_sapheapkar again with the opportunity to meet His Majesty King Norodom.
In early 1864 France had pressured Bangkok Diplomatic and military record to Bangkok sent scepter and crown the kingdom for himself, King King completeness Phnom Udong on 3 June 1864.
By 1867, France and Siam compromised agree to Khmer unprecedented conflict within British Siamese behind the French want to transfer the Khmer occupation of Siam. Moreover, the atmosphere some relief occurred between French and English because the two countries have become allies in the anti-Chinese movement (secret association in China rose against the national authorities and foreign). July 15, 1867 Treaty means that France agreed to hand over Battambang and Siem Reap. Siam acknowledge the rights of the French protectorate regime against Cambodia. Moreover, France pledged not to enter the country as a colony, as Kampuchea.
French power control
General for the entire Indochina seats are located in Saigon until the capital was moved to Hanoi in 1902. Cambodia became the main guardian of French Indochina, which is governed by Résident Supérieur (Resident) for Yale premium was appointed directly from the Ministry of the North Sea and the colony in Paris. Resident series by Residents territorial government or administrators stationed in all the provincial centers such as Siem Reap, Battambang, Pursat and Odong. Phnom Penh is the capital is under the control of the direct administration of the Resident.

Administrative arrangements

Sculpture shows King Sisowath Vihear, Battambang and Siem Reap in 1907, the province from the country in the last half of the 18th century.
In 1896, Britain, France and Britain signed an agreement mutually recognized sphere of influence in Indochina, especially in Thailand. Under the agreement, Thailand was handed Cambodian Angkor return while it was ruled by France. The agreement recognized the jurisdiction of the French in Vietnam (including Cochin colony and protectorate of Annam and Tonkin), the same feat was in 1893, after the French victory in the Franco-Siamese and Siamese because of the French influence on the east. The French government later set up a new administrative position in the colonies and economic development began importing French language and culture as part of the program. [3]

In 1897, the incumbent government loneliness Paris sued to Khmer kings who reigned Norodom longer suitable king and requested permission to clutch his tax collecting authority issued Decree and also wanted the power to appoint officials, and chosen successor son. Since then, King and the King of Cambodia following name was the only actor and just a sensor Sattha only Buddhism in Cambodia, although he is still seen as a cult of simple farm folk. All other power is in the hands of the Resident and the colonial bureaucracy. Less bureaucracy is made up mostly by the French state and only some Asians that allows free to join the Vietnamese government, which is seen as Asians, who rule in Indochina.

In 1904, King Norodom died and contrary to the transfer of the throne on to his Son, the French also transferred to the younger brother of King Norodom was King Sisowath Dynasty his less defiant and not ultra-nationalist to French rule over Dynasty Norodom. Meanwhile, Norodom was found responsible for constantly Khmer uprising against French rule. Another reason is that God's favorite son, Norodom He wants his reign as the King, Prince Yukanthor ever traveled to Europe opened up to the public the brutality of the French colony in the country. France later tightened its authority over the country while expanding its territory guardian in 1902 and 1904 through a treaty with Siam Vihear to Cambodia and gave France control over the Bassac series beginning. Territorial disputes later between France and Siam upon Battambang and Siem reached the occupied province Trach (Trat) by France until Siam returned because of pressure of the French thus Siam gave provincial all that back in 1907, originally it's Cambodian territory Until the late 18th century, which was delivered coupled with Province. Obtaining of the province, these became the latest phase of expansion of the French in Indochina's when Siamese later collaborated with the British in the region, fear the expansion of the French control and management of Siam would make it overturn the balance of powers in Indochina. [4]

Phase 1
French first cold use in the implementation of the Khmer occupation. After returning to Saigon, France identified two of these principles:

To enter its territory Cochin belongs Franco a pretext appropriate. Namely France has the right to interfere in the internal affairs of the Khmer for Cambodia before, had been a dream of the Vietnamese state.
The governor stressed the desire of Siem Reap in Cambodia, France must defend the independence of the country, which is linked to peace of the territory Cochin.

After thorough reasons and put the country to help protect the French clergy (Miche), he offered a treaty project, and he has discussed with the Khmer king. August 11, 1863, when his screen, legal (La Grandière) signed the treaty on behalf of himself and Prince Norodom agreed nhnheutanhnheum. This is the 1st Khmer treaty agreeing to the French protectorate.

The content of the treaty on 11 August 1863
Mutual interests. The French emperor had promised to prepare the country to peace and order to protect against attack from outside and help Khmer hautaponthokoy easy to transport by sea.
In exchange, the country agreed to make concessions to France and the ground around Changvar logging concession to France in the jungles of Cambodia to take to build the ship.

Although the Khmer side disadvantage some French side, some Khmer deems acceptable Khmer Treaty of August 11, 1863, because France did not take away the power from the Khmer king. Patriots stood up arms against it. Since 1863, the King Khmer hand signed a decree or declaration are to give all the profits to the French. King man of him causing people to revolt in order to protect the King.

Stage 2
9th decade of the 19th century, the 3rd Republic of France is stable. Net power nepotism colonial expansion, such as beta. They decided that this must conquer Indochina region remained to occupy and expand control more firmly there
Meanwhile, the attack on the 2nd Tonkin and attacks on barracks in the West (1883 - 1885). On 17 June 1884 thom Hall Johnson (Charles Thomson) territorial governor Cochin has sent a group of sailors into the palace at midnight 22 pm. A French delegation was ordered to wake King, who was asleep and forced to sign a new treaty. This treaty has been disqualified from the French King to serve as guardians over the entire country. Since then, the country became a French colony real.
Article Some of Article meaningful agreement:

King was recognized prior judicial administrative reforms of Finance and Trade of the Republic of France, that should be done in the future.
In the management of various ministries and provincial Khmer officials are under the supervision of the French authorities. Krasuongokoy Tax Ministry and other ministries were occupied by French engineer.
The French government may appoint Rezin (Resident turns out that the government representatives or loneliness) and density control Khmer officials in the town.
Before 57 was reduced to 50 and is divided into districts and communes.
Cost of the state's civil servants Khmer and French protectorate in charge of the country.
He must pay a certain level and can not borrow money without the consent of the French government.
Land in the whole Kingdom once belonged to the King Khmer and French authorities now can arrange private ownership of land.
Phnom Penh is under control of the governor's senior French. The governor, the president of the Municipal Council, which comprises 12 French 6 3 3 Khmer and Vietnamese.
By 1887, France demanded the King signed the decree means the king reigns but does not control.

Phase 3
In October 1887, before the fight Laos France plans to create a federation on its territory that occupies called Indochina Federation means a part of the territory of France is a country where the supply of agricultural products and raw materials for France. Ten years later (1897) the Indochinese Federation was created by the appointment of a General for the whole of Indochina. Treaty of Franco-Siamese 1904 the country lost territory Mlu tonlerpow and churches. But the Treaty of 1907, in the reign of King Sisowath (1904-1927), the country get back Battambang and Siem Reap.