Norodom Sihanouk king of khmer

Norodom Sihanouk

His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk Raja financial Vong uphtao Socheatvong holy descendants general hero Roth Nixon Norodom thommik the Grand Imperial Majesty baromobpit king of Cambodia, President (31 October 1922 - 15 October 2012) (Chinese: 西哈努克), King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 2004. He was born on Tuesday 11 Troop quadrupled quarantine.. 2465 will be October 31, 1922 in Phnom Penh He died on Monday, 15 October 2012 will be the 15th day Roach Elul Dragon Sath 1 pm and 20 pm in Beijing, China. Title of honor, the Father of Independence Khmer after he had abdicated King Norodom Sihamoni - Sihamoni, the king krong_kampoucheathibtei have a title that His Majesty Preah Bat Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, His Majesty the King Father Royal Father independent integrity and national unity Khmer.

Powerful ruler of Cambodia from 1953 to 1970. After his second abdication in 2004, he was known as the King, in a position which he received in his former responsibilities as a constitutional monarch.

Son of King Norodom - Suramarit and Queen Sisowath - Kosomak Sihanouk has held so many positions since 1941, the book world record Guinea of ​​Nice shows that he as a politician who has served in the transitions of political offices biggest in the world. [1] These include two terms as king, two as sovereign prince, one as president, two as prime minister the same position some, the leader of the government in exile of many. He has served as head of a puppet of the Khmer Rouge government in 1975-1976. [2]

Most of these positions is the only honorific, including the last position as the king of Cambodia. Sihanouk's period of de facto rule over Cambodia was from 9 November 1953, when the country gained independence from France until 18 March 1970 when Gen. Lon Nol and the National Assembly deposed him.
His biography

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When his maternal grandfather, King Sisowath Monivong, died on 23 April 1941, the Council selected Prince Sihanouk, King of Cambodia. Meanwhile, colonial Cambodia was part of French Indochina controlled by collaborationist Vichy government axis. His coronation took place on 3 May 1941. [3] In March 1945, the Empire of Japan occupied Cambodia but allowed the French colonial administration in a dissolved state and took control of colonial Indochina. Under pressure from the Japanese, Sihanouk declared the country's independence. Unlike the Vietnamese emperor Bao Dai, Sihanouk was careful not to compromise himself too much in collaboration with Japan. Japan has been forced to Son Ngoc Thanh as foreign minister, later in August, the Prime Minister of the country. [4] After Japan's surrender, the French gradually retook control of Indochina.

He also created the most effective law in Cambodia from 1953 to 1970. After he abdicated in 2004. Then, the National Assembly of Cambodia have agreed to offer the offer God the title of official 'King Norodom - Sihanouk, King King Father independence, territorial integrity and unity Khmer' with God Special Privileges as well as royal immunity as it was that he was still crowned as well.

The study
From 1930 to 1940, he entered the primary monkey phh Columbus dvea and Phnom Penh's Sisowath Quay, Phnom Penh. Then he went on to study in high school French schheh logical salou (Lycée Chasseloup Laubat) in Saigon (South Vietnam).

In 1946 and 1948 he went on to study at senior school performance horses and armored forces in Shamir France.

King of Cambodia [edit]
The 1st rule properties [edit]
In April 1941, the Council selected royal throne and his royal title as King of Cambodia in Phnom Penh. He was crowned on 28 October 1941. After the country gained independence from France, he has abdicated his Father, 02 March 1955.

Leadership turmoil
Prime Minister [edit]
Main article: Kingdom of Cambodia (1953-1970) and the Cambodian civil war
After the 2nd World War and into the early 1950s, King Sihanouk's more nationalist and independence from the French colonists and their complete departure from Indochina. This echoed the sentiments of the young nations of Indochina: Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Kingdom of Laos. He went into exile in Thailand in May 1953 because of threats to his life by the French and only returned when successful independent on 9 November 1953. While the independent Cambodia has an alliance with the French Union until the end of the First Indochina War and the end of the Indochina official series.

On 2 March 1955, Sihanouk abdicated in favor of his father, creating Sangkum and incumbent Prime Minister a few months later, after the overwhelming success in the parliamentary elections in September 1955.


Meeting in Beijing in 1956: from left Mao Zedong Zhen Sihanouk Lear - Liu Shaoqi.
On August 31, 1959 - New York D'senior advisor and brother of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem was a failed attempt to assassinate Sihanouk. He had ordered its agents to send parcel bombs to the Cambodian leader in retaliation for his secret plan - and free - Sichuan, which did not work in New York, he is also one of the participants. Newton, declined sharply with the foreign policy of Sihanouk and hopefully with that Sihanouk had fallen from office and he could raise his Son - Ngoc Thanh in Phnom Penh. [5] Two suitcases were sent to Sihanouk's palace, one sent to the Head of State and the other to Prince Christophe Van, head of protocol. Postal deposits have been labeled as originating from an American engineer who worked in the country before, and claimed to have a number of gifts from Hong Kong. Sihanouk's package contained a bomb, but the other does not exist Van Van, however, both on behalf of the King and was killed instantly as officials. The blast took place adjacent to a room in the palace where Sihanouk's parents were present there. [6] [7]

Following his father's death in 1960, Sihanouk won universal suffrage is the Head of State but received the title of Prince contrary to the title of King. In 1963 he made a change in the Constitution that made him head of state for life. While he was not the King, he had created a constitutional office for himself that was exactly equal to the former kingship.
When the Vietnam War was raging Sihanouk promoted policies that he claimed would maintain neutrality and security is the most important thing for the country. While in many cases stood his neighbor's a lot of pressure on the government from all sides in the conflict escalating and his overwhelming concern was to prevent from moving into a wider regional war. In doing so he has to make difficult choices of alliances in finding a way forward the least dangerous in the real political neutrality may be impossible at that time.

In spring 1965, he made a pact with the People's Republic of China and North Vietnam, which allow the permanent presence of North Vietnamese bases in eastern Cambodia and allow military supplies from China to Vietnam by the Cambodian port. Cambodia and the Khmer been replaced by buying rice at inflated prices. He also at many speeches the triumph of communism in Southeast Asia is inevitable and suggesting Maoist ideas are worthy of emulation.

Sihanouk in 1966 and 1967 unleashed a wave of political repression, as many times they left out of mainstream politics. His friendly policies have been inundated with China because of the extremist mindset in China to the climax of the Cultural Revolution. The combination of political repression, China and a number of issues with his balance sheet can not be held to bear. He has alienated the left that allowed the North Vietnamese to establish a base inside Cambodia and staked everything on the willingness of China. On 11 March 1967, a rebellion in the province led to civil war in Cambodia.

The drop-exile and return

Sihanouk visiting Romania in 1972, Romanian President Nicolae - Channel U Moscow (left) and Queen Norodom Monineath (center).
On 18 March 1970, while Sihanouk was traveling outside the country, Prime Minister Lon Nol convened the National Assembly voted to depose Sihanouk as head of state and handed over power temporarily Lon Nol. Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak, Sihanouk's cousin, which is overlooked by the French government in 1941, has accepted the position of deputy prime minister. A new Khmer Republic was immediately set up by the United States.

After he was deposed Sihanouk fled to Beijing and founded United Front (Front Uni National du Kampuchéa-FUNK), and began to support the Khmer Rouge in the struggle to overthrow the Lon Nol government in Phnom Penh. He introduced new members Gouvernement Royal d'Union Nationale du Kampuchéa (Royal Government of Cambodia), which included Khmer Rouge leaders. After Sihanouk expressed his support for the Khmer Rouge to visit them in their battle ranks swelled from 6,000 to 50,000 fighters. Rouge's many new conscripts is apolitical peasants who fought in support of the king and not for communism in which they have very little understanding. King Sihanouk would later argue (1979) that the monarchy being abolished, his only fight only to his country's independence, "even though [he] had to be Communist." [8] During Lon Nol, Sihanouk mostly lived in exile in North Korea, which has a palatial residence with 60 rooms, which also had a cinema was built for him. He then will return to Pyongyang palace after the Vietnamese invasion in 1979. [9]

Rouge captivity
When the Khmer Republic fell to the Khmer Rouge in April 1975, Prince Sihanouk became head of state as a symbol of the new regime, while Pol Pot was still in power. Sihanouk's wish was to be gentleman's who have retired and maybe people have a 'public relations man for [him] and has a jazz parties and do some filming' [10] have to spend the next few years as prisoners of the Khmer Rouge. Then, on 4 April 1976, the Khmer Rouge forced Sihanouk out of office again and retired politicians. During the Vietnamese invaded, he was sent to New York to speak against Vietnam before the United Nations. After his speech, he sought refuge in China and North Korea.

Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in December 1978 ousted the Khmer Rouge. While welcoming the ousting of the Khmer Rouge government, he remained firmly opposed to the government of the People's Republic of Cambodia Heng Samrin's Vietnamese-installed. Since then, Sihanouk demanded Cambodia's seat.. Which has been vacant owing not only the Pol Pot regime - Pol Pot or buoy - Samrin also can not represent the people Khmer it. [11] Although claiming to be wary of the Khmer Rouge and demands that the Khmer Rouge representatives who still occupy seats Nations.. Of Cambodia to give up possession yet [12] Also, Sihanouk again joined forces with them to provide a united front against the Vietnamese occupation, some believe that because of US pressure. However., To work with the Khmer Rouge. [13] In 1982, he was objecting to the government, backed by Vietnam and became president of the Government (a. F. A. Rev. Or GCKD), in which sustainable national army Sihanouk popular (a. H. White. Or ANS) Front People Khmer (The. The. NEC.. B. Or KPNLF) of the Son - San and the Khmer Rouge. The Vietnamese withdrew in 1989, leaving behind a pro-Vietnamese government under former Khmer Rouge cadre Hun Sen to run the People's Republic of Kampuchea (...).

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Botumreachea king of khmer

khmer king

 history
Reshuffle chronicles Commission's re-writing the high court sometimes and genealogy presence Vil designed comment more detailed description of native royalty Paem., in the sense seems to want to claim kinship Angkorian Khmer king, and he was also a mighty mighty mighty powerful standoff previous generation. The organization facilitates interference house best suited to hear both chronicles not consistent. father's native roots and dates, etc. Despite the chaos, the story chronicles Both have roughly the same thing. His father Paem name Botumvattey monarchy. Vil wrote chronicles He is the son Chettha Khmer King, 14. He was born in the snake. 1076. 454 and c. 533. He is the brother of a conch or Leper King King 15th Year. 1077. 456. 534 With concubines feat Chettha magazine has a daughter the name Prov taxonomy. But if Prince Palace chronicles sometimes Botumvattey children, the eldest son of King chakrapt Khmer King, 16, and was the sister of the King Krek Prohm Kel and birds. He was born in chhnachhlauv. Chhnachhlauv troubled health care anxious shuffling Palace forward Tom monarchy Chettha father to build a pagoda in Phnom Kulen.

The taxonomy Prov last 16 years has risen leisure travel, according to his father to play the sea. She was still on the brapat played by wild jubilation suddenly rained heavy thunder storm hit three three nights make her wandering in the jungle alone find ways to return to the house unseen. royal news also ordered the ruler and regent people clearing daughter. cleared everywhere turquoise stone forest sad also in the depth of detection, they still find her invisible taxonomy Prov., where King and his battalion were clearing Research daughter named that mountain research forever to arrive today. He worked hard for three daughter but still not found. finally with despair determined ruler King, Minister of Energy and armies trip return to the great city. Prov taxonomy she lost all no longer know what direction in the deep forest wilderness Mountain Research. She sheepskins nervous sad misery alone without direction and without refuge. too hungry She interferes kbangtuk take place in the Elephant ate belly body diabetes elephants. Soon Prov taxonomy start a pregnancy. God put into operation, she was nourished by caring about village residents Mount research to build an inn just rest shelter residents. inn mainland named Royal hospital Until now. chhnathaoh Prov taxonomy birth to a son whom she named that pnheachy. According to genealogy presence Vil chhnamme then she raised 65 times and pnheachy two 49-year-old mother and son came to live in a cave at the foot of Market or mountain efficiently. To support pnheachy adorned to have fun and game music concert orchestras. Botumvattey monarchy or Botumvattey children to build a pagoda in Phnom Kulen Prince Palace chronicles Herculaneum was sometimes hill surge (in Kampong Chhnang province near Cardamom). One day he is meditation meditation justice tangseil he heard the voice chat, "Pity the monk He had no wife and children for the seed line to the future like no other sight. Even the Buddha so baromokrou has a wife and children, before construction of God pagoda "(here, such as a clip in the Ramayana Khmer that sage has enclosure wife due to hear the animals negotiations to sage, and that the wife of the sage born is sokrip peali the son preahin and Brahma, and she svaheay son sage). Listen perceive correctly said Tom monarchy left precepts armor and travel left toward asunder Prov taxonomy wife (according to provincial preahreach_pongsaeavtar feel king of the Amalekites, a commission appointed by King Norodom c. 1903 monks who had come to take her Prov taxonomy as his wife was a student monks thoutang Mount surge). Properly seal violence Vil said stealth angel told Tom he died precept, and is married with Prov taxonomy in order to keep the house in the future (according Vil Botumvattey monastery chronicles the king and princess Prov taxonomy siblings. The Prince chronicles Sometimes she Prov taxonomy palace aunt royalist establishment of Pre-claim). When complete the activities with children and that he could come Back in construction of the pagoda. Listen to remember all those Botumvattey Kingdom no later octopus disrupted delay him Flight interference interference peace comes to sex Pleasures happy with her Prov taxonomy according to the angel's word. Then When she taxonomy Prov 5 months pregnant royalist Botumvattey prepared to forego her trip back to the construction of the pagoda. The violence seal prince royal palace sometimes Botumvattey went back to the monk when she Prov taxonomy born son, and that son has grown up a bit, too. Before departure he handed the baton to God, she said, "When children grow up, and if it wants to be given to staff as a note." Commit within a royalist, and when Tom taxonomy her ass Prov vegetarian wife returned to a priest. He tangseil learn how to remember the magic of every professional Almighty invisible stealth strong interference and interference revive the dead to survive, etc. and etc. chhnavok Prov taxonomy premature birth to a son He named Ponhea Sous. Prince Palace chronicles sometimes wrote his son and grandchildren were born in the Year. Ponhea Sous or grandchildren appearance laolaach brightly wise and prudent course. 7-year-old grandchildren Ponhea Sous or questioned wanted to know about his father's history. Prov taxonomy tale tells the history of all their children listen to. She talked about Stick Pro Tom monarchy as his father for the note. Listen understanding heard all Ponhea Sous or grandchildren and brother pnheachy goodbye to his mother to his father. He took the baton to sign with them. Eventually the two went to meet God Like father. Then, amid Botumvattey king was angry, very angry with conch or Leper King the student who killed the man he sent to help treat leprosy fire. Botumvattey monarchy fully understand as a child he was real, and he also tells the history of the house of his family as a monarch. He discipline the two children, "the two children do not need to loutakrab wicked perfectly! 400 children will be crowned the country will be ruined! To continue our royal dynasty in the future. " Pro Tom monarchy he brakprom effect blessings to the two children in peace prosperity live a long life. Title he handed the stone iron and cucumber seeds 7 seeds for the planting subsistence (Prince chronicles Palace sometimes wrote Botumvattey monarchy cucumber 3 goals to each child). He told that to vineyard planted cucumbers in the mainland province of horses. And so forever Farm Farm Farm Sous Paem become a little by one into a field Em.

The Ponhea Sous Paem appointed Viceroy (genealogy presence Vil first wrote that her eldest son Prov taxonomy born Because diabetes elephants pnheachy children younger son with royalist Botumvattey Ponhea Sous. Vil said chronicles Pro Tom is the son of the king whose chief job Paem, who ascended the throne. So is his brother, who came to the throne. But then the same genealogy, but wrote Ponhea Sous king was appointed as Viceroy means pnheachy made king. So he Paem was the son of the king of elephants. Other genealogy also determined that King Paem pnheachy original name).

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Dr. Haing Somnang Ngor

 Dr. Haing Somnang Ngor

Khmer-American actress and author who is known clearly that received the Oscar award in 1985 in figures best actor for his acting debut in the film The Killing Fields (The Killing Fields) with regard to the lives of journalists Dith . [2] He also became an actor of the first Asian man who won the Oscar in the acting part. His mother is an ethnic Khmer, while his father is Chinese Department. [3] Mr. Ngor and Harold (Harold Russell ) is an actor not only two Oscar award-winning performance. [4]
Life under the Khmer Rouge regime
Born in Samrong country Ngor trained as a skilled surgeon and gynecologist. He has been practicing in the capital in 1975 when the Khmer Rouge seized power and declared Democratic Kampuchea regime. [5] He was forced to hide studying medical history and even his glasses Hide to avoid war and tie the enemies of the new regime on the experts and intellectuals. He was evacuated from Phnom Penh, along with more than two million people, which is part of the social experience, "Year Zero" Khmer Rouge. Mr Ngor also detained in a camp with his wife, Ms. Mei Hui, who later died as a result of childbirth. Although he had a specialist gynecologist, he still can not treat his wife, who require a cesarean section because he thought that may have implications for himself and his wife (as well as his son), and may was killed. [6] After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979, Ngor had worked as a teacher a doctor in a refugee camp in Thailand and left with his niece to the US On August 30, 1980. [14] US Ngor not be able to continue his medical profession [7], and he did not married again.

his life under the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. In the second edition of the survivors of the Killing Fields Roger Warner, a co-author with Mr. Ngor added completed by the process described his life Ngor won.

Mr Ngor established a fund in 1997 to help the country's budget. To contribute humanitarian Ngor built a primary school and opened a small sawmill to provide jobs and income to local families. [17] His niece is Ngor Sophy symmetry (Ngor Sophia Demetri) as a witness at the hearing Murder Ngor. Currently, she is president of the Foundation. [8]

Acting career
Mr Ngor starred as Dith Pran character in the film The Killing Fields, although he had no previous acting experience. After that, he had three awards, including a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award award in the Best Supporting Actor as well. [7] The following appeared in the film The Killing Fields, he told People magazine, "I want to show to the world about hunger very much in the country and the number of people who died under the communist regime and a standard. I am satisfied and heart. I've done something that already exists. " (English: "I wanted to show the world how deep starvation is in Cambodia, how many people die under communist regime. My heart is satisfied. I have done something perfect.") [9]

Mr Ngor also appeared in other films as well as some television programs such as Heaven & Earth and Oliver Stone's sequel shorts Vanishing Son . He also has a presence in Hong Kong film titled "East vultures" (Eastern Condors), directed and starring Sammo Hung.

He also played the role in the sequel, Vietnam 1989 title "The Iron Triangle". He has also starred as a guest (guest-starred) in a two-story film of the coast of China ("How to Stay Alive in Vietname 1 & 2 ") by acting as prisoners Khmer people were injured, and helped her Collen McMurphy under maintenance her.He also plays in My Life After Michael Keaton.
And inheritance funds
Dr. Ngor Foundation was set up in 1990 by Mr Ngor and Jack Ong. The two actors met in 1989 while filming "The Iron Triangle" and later the Temple Shepherd Ong (Christian Association Venice, CA) started the project budget to care for orphans and help rebuild the country's infrastructure. Project (Project Cambodia) is a fund of funds, Mr. Ngor incorporated as a charitable organization in 1997 after his murder Mr Ngor (February 25, 1996). The goal of the fund, including maintenance decisions (achievements) of Ngor and human rights as well as the promotion of cultural and historical Framework Through education and art activities. Niece's Ngor Sophy Ngor symmetry (Sophia Ngor Demetri), who gave evidence in his murder trial and who taken in the US Currently, she is president of the Foundation, and Mr Ong is the chief executive.

Murder
On 25 February 1996 Mr Ngor was shot dead at his home in Chinatown, in downtown Los Angeles, California, California. Many Khmer claim that they have a stake in his estate, and the woman he was married She later came to the United States. Most assets of Ngor went to his brother, Chan Sarun (Chinese: 吳 和顺 or 吴汉顺; Internet: Wú Hànshùn, (Minister of Agriculture in the country), while his assets are used in legal fees delays lawsuit against his estate. [10] His was buried at Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California, California.

Three members of the "Oriental Lazy Boyz" street, a wicked group has been accused of murder, and was also previously arrested shock jewelry bag. They were convicted in the Supreme Court of the State of Los Angeles even though their case was Judicial Council separately. The prosecution claimed that they had killed Ngor after handing his gold Rolex watch, but declined pendant necklace that his wife was dead, and that is Mrs. Mei Hui. Defence said that the murder is related to politics made by supporters of the Khmer Rouge regime, but there is any evidence to support this view. [11] Kaing Guek Eav, a former Khmer Rouge officer, and is currently in trial in Cambodia confirmed in November 2009 that killed Ngor is the command of Pol Pot. But US investigators that he should not be found to be trusted. [11]

Some people criticized that Ngor was killed in the robbery has not decided based on cash $ 2900 left and the fact that the thief rummaging his money. So far, no answers why the thieves demanded his necklace chains, and usually Ngor always wear necklaces inside the clothes, and very hard to see. In 2003, pendant necklaces, still not found. [12]

The trio were found guilty on April 16, 1998, in the days when they had confirmed the death Pol Pot in Cambodia. [13] Tak Sun Tan was sentenced from 56 years to life, Indra Lim from 26 years to life, while Jason Chan consecutive life sentences without parole. In 2004, US District Court of the central district in the state of California, California has issued an order to pardon a decision that the prosecution used Council's sympathy by presenting false evidence this decision was denied. Finally convicted still upheld by the US Court of Appeal for the ninth center in 2005.

After the release the film The Killing Fields, Ngor told New York Times reporter, "If I died right now is No matter, because this movie will be hundreds of years to come. " (English: "If I die from now on, OK! This film will go on for a hundred years.") [14]

Dith Pran Mr Ngor has played a role in the film The Killing Fields, said the death of Mr Ngor, "He was like a child Twin with me. He is like, you send a message with me, but this time I was alone, "he said. (English: "He is like a twin with me. He is like a co-messenger and right now I am alone.") [

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Zhēnlà

Zhēnlà

Zhēnlà the mvou h (radius Vuthy beverages) (Chinese: 真 腊; traditional Chinese: 真 臘; Government of the inch: Zhēnlà; Venezuela gloves - Michigan negotiations: Chēn-là; Vietnamese: Chân Lạp) is the Chinese Cambodia after the fall of Funan (扶 南) known dont La Vietnamese as (contained in pronunciation, China - Vietnamese).Some modern scholars used the name refers only Khmer period from the end of the 6th century to the early 9th century.

Earlier called Dangrek Chieftains [1] that small chiefdoms north and south of the Dangrek Mountains are. The first known princes are mentioned in some early inscriptions. Sanskrit inscription (not dated) in the mat Treng (K.359) [2] names a king Vīravarman as father of a princess whose name has not been mentioned, married to a Brahmin As Som enemy asteroid and a god sister of of Bhavavarman. Through the inscription from the kingdom in Bassac / Laos (363) [3] Vīravarman father Prince Citrasena who was the younger brother of King Jayavarman language. Obviously both princes had the same mother but different fathers, which was corroborated by Tep inscription K. 978 (present-day Thailand: 15 ° 27 'h, 101 ° 4' a) [4], which provide information that the King of Bhavavarman the son of God inherently Website Sailendra Bhavavarman and a grandson of a church chakravartin of (total bases Bhavavarman) whereas the inscription from Baghdad whole (ปาก มูล) the founding / Thailand (K. 496) [5], said that the name of the Father Vīravarman was called Gandharva chef mm. All the inscriptions confirmed that a large territory ruled by these kings. By recorded in the inscription K. 151, two brothers and rhinos at Īśānapura (the archaeological Prey Kuk) confirmed that of Kŭk change is armies (cleaning dream nry website) of the king succeeded the King of Bhavavarman 1st Mahendravarman Bhavavarman (name of Citrasena) and King northeastern Shan Jayavarman built on 13 April 598 during the reign of Bhavavarman a statue representing the Eternal It placenta divine (Kalpavāsudeva) (Vishnu). [6] This coincides with the Chinese text the oldest that mentions Chenla the Shoemaker neck 隋 書 (Annals of the Sui Dynasty), compiled by yogurt - dont 魏徵 (580-643) In the year 636 AD., in which provide information that the beginning of the 7th century Zhēnlà is governed by Jersey Turkey Shi any (Citrasena) (質 多 斯 那) and e schh any Gaussian, but the (northeastern Shan Bhavavarman) (伊 奢 那 先 代). Capital last northeastern Shan advances [7] On the reign of Bhavavarman 1 capital situated Bhavapura a place probably is located in the town of Barivat (Thala) of the times (13 ° 33 'h, 105 ° 57' a). [8]
Etymology
For this Zhēnlà researchers have different views as follows:

1. OPINION Li Thea Teng, according to a log of the bio - Daguan Zhēnlà is the Chinese name for a country with a dense forest, which lies above the Funan because the land there is wax several recently Chinese merchants often bought wax there recently named Zhēnlà is that Chen or Cheng turns out that the net at The Hague or Luck turns out that wax or bees or candles (Mandarin they put adjectives before my name) means domestic wax net.

2. Outlook Express or record chargers that ancient country on the top called upstairs at the bottom called below the breed. (Likely) not overwrite China became Zhēnlà overwrite> Zhēnlà. [9]

Geographical location
Mvou of Funanese a vassal in the central plains of the Mekong River in Laos Bassac today. Capital Bhavapura Kings reign Zhēnlà Suryavarman Vong. From the 3rd century Funan Empire allied with Champa. But the British arrived in the 5th century, has thrown Champa alliance and help in the war against China. This event occurred after trade relations to China, jewelry, ivory silk plate ....

History
Īśānavarman, and who managed to absorb the territory Funan classic that led to Sinn Féin that shū (Táng Dynasty new) (新唐書) compiled by the FDA significantly - book 歐陽修 (1007-1072) and sang - Sòng 宋祁 (998-1061) in 1060 AD.. Confirmation of the effective conquest of the country into his country. The earliest known date of the reign of Jayavarman a date shortly after the ruling and said that his country's first ambassador to China arrived in Sui hearing in 616-17 AD.. This king was also known through his own inscription transcript Īśānapura dated 13 September 627 AD.. (K. 604) [10] one at Illinois (Thailand) dated May 7, 637 (K. 506). [11] After Īśānavarman ended the reign of around 637, the inscriptions tell us about a king named research Jayavarman 2. Inscriptions The only dated we had concerning him was in Takeo (K. 79), dated 5 January 644 [12] and in Ponhea flowing south Takeo (K. 21) [13] dated Wednesday, March 25, 655. A follow-up post likely to have a king, make sure its name Candravarman they knew the inscription K. 1142 [14], of unknown origin, which is from the family of Īśānavarman. The son of Candravarman was the king of the most famous name spoil Jayavarman 1 inscription Early's he took from Kôk Veng (K. 493) [15] and the Pun Battambang (K. 447) [16] both, dated 14 June 657. 19 or 20 tabs, some dating from the reign of God is found in an area extending from Wat Phu in the north to the Gulf of Siam in the south. Xīn that shū Empire Zhēnlà had conquered principalities at Northwestern Cambodia after the end of the reign of China's Yong Hui 永徽 (ie. After 31 January, 656) that before (in 638/39) tributes to China. [17] The reign of plunder 1st Jayavarman I lasted about 30 years and ended after 690 years. It seems that after the death of the spoil Jayavarman 1 (inscription that his last known K. 561 [18] was down 681/82 turmoil came upon the kingdom and at the start of the 8th century, the empire broke up into many principalities. Angkor area is managed by his daughter, Queen Devi, who complained in the inscription her Western Bàrày K. 904 [19] dated on Wednesday, 5 April 713, located in the circumstances harsh. Divisions Zhēnlà into two was recorded by Chinese historians named role-Lin. reachopongsaeavtar of the royal dynasty, noted that between the years 705 and 706 Chenla Chenla is divided into two territorial water and Zhēnlà Mainland. Táng tells us that after the end of the reign of London 神龍 (ie. after February 707 6th century) Chenla was divided into two kingdoms Lou dont Laden 陸 真 蠟 ("Land Zhēnlà" also called Wèndān 文 單 or type now to 婆 鏤 well), which is rich in mountains and valleys, according to the study spans extending from Laos, central and southern today and Sui Zhēnlà 水 真 蠟 ("Zhēnlà water"), a region rich in lakes and the sea surrounded surrounded coverage on Mekong River Basin from lbeaktuk County sea ​​water Zhēnlà size is 800, and King stayed in the city, it is called - - - Pakistan marriage, which is the Sanskrit word ass architectural advances that will be engraved in the inscription. [20] [21] The country has returned to a state of anarchy that had existed in the previous session, before the country was unified under King Funan and first king of Zhēnlà. The cause of the breakage is due to lack of Son and successor weak central authority, which is controlled in the hand of the princess Jayadevī women inspired Zhēnlà split into two. [22]

King like King collapsed Jayavarman 2 Srebrenica hotels Bhavavarman and King Pushkaraksha Marx was confirmed many afterwards, but the inscription of Angkor only the history of them, he is filled with doubt those things that we know about Land is because Land has sent envoys to China in the year 717. Another envoy to visit China from 750 likely Chenla. Chinese Annals son of the king Wèndān (Land and land, the mountainous areas and valleys in the northern Chinese called tension or turn - will need to be named A group of tribes Selena vnow or cantonment.) This land empire is only 700, and led by a King named tsaie. China this same document also confirmed that the king sent his diplomatic delegation to China several times, especially in the years 717 and 753 AD.. On the other hand, is his own son to the Royal Palace, the Chinese in the year 754. Please be reminded that this is his son, who led the army against the Zhao Kingdom. After the board of diplomatic Wèndān in the year 771 Village 婆 彌 arrived in the imperial court and on 13 December 771, he received job that Khai Phu E Thong San sahreu a 開 府 儀 同 三 司 (you open hearing, full heart the same honors as senior trio). In 799 envoy from Wèndān called maintenance Lītóují 李 頭 及 also received the title of China. [23] Meanwhile, the King of Śambhupura has been recorded in the inscription K. 124, dated 803/04 [24] that there was a king, King Indra, and Queen successor series three is nry Democratic Sailendra Devi NEC Jayendranagari interviews and chye station yra. Inscription two states that there a king named spoil Jayavarman: the first 1 K. 103 from Thãt girl south dated 20 April 770, [25] the second one from Lobŏ'k in the vicinity of Kratie near Śambhupura (K. 134), dated 781). [26] coed called him King spoil Jayavarman 1 (duplicate), but probably he is together with King spoil Jayavarman 3 founding father Angkorian kingdom, as Mr. Vickery has pointed out: King spoil Jayavarman 3 not only from the South, but more than what we have known king, he had particularly close links with the royal in Vyādhapura advances. This place is recorded only in the pre-Angkor inscription K. 109/655 [real: February 10, 656] However, in Article 16 Angkorian last dated 1069 [K. 449 from Ba Hal (Pàlhàl) dated Sunday, 3 March 1069] ... Two of them, K. 425/968 and K.449 / 1069 is an explicit records of plunder Jayavarman 3, which led people from Vyādhapura men to settle in Battambang. [27]

The study of Jean-Esperanto, said actually Zhēnlà water and Land Zhēnlà is two countries' king of one of the former Kingdom of Cambodia. China called Zhēnlà water and Land Zhēnlà is expressed broke polarized political situation in the past. In addition, he also added that these two King has played the most important role in the history of the United mvou Shawcross since lasting legacy of King Jayavarman era police shoot in the territory of Zhēnlà land. He added that water Zhēnlà Vyadhapura or Angkor Borei, the capital of the Funan. But Land Zhēnlà is Śambhupura or Sambour upper part of the Mekong River, which is linked to stress individual hotels near Wat Phu Champa cross promotion Laos currently. However, he also did not determine the location of the center of the center Land Zhēnlà the exact. Jean-Shi He also contributed greatly to compile a history of the ancient Kingdom of Cambodia. He comments that Vyadhapura Most Borei Ba is the name of the device - or mountain kingdom. It is not the same Zhēnlà water content in the inscription of King Jayavarman. Today, through new discoveries in archeology, we can improve the concept of the above history. In fact, past research has said Vyadhapura is Borei Takeo not in Prey Veng province. Land Zhēnlà Wen Tan / vrow is the original location Khmer Chenla dynasty which had been a subsidiary of the Funan and gave birth Angkorian Khmer dynasty. For us, we believe that the location of Zhēnlà (mainland) around Wat Phu consistently called Srebrenica hotels advances, but the influence of regional Zhēnlà stretched until Nakhon Ratchasima, especially between the river plateau fields and river biological fields, as well as the presence of Arts temple architecture and the inscription of the testimony. On the other hand, according to the philosophy of Jean-Shi and the results of the latest research, we can say that the whole country with the inscription actually gave birth to the name of the river current fields in Thailand, which is one of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the land. This reflects that the call stream fields above Siam Ban is not a coincidence, but it is an ancient tradition purely Khmer Chenla ie retains traces of the historical events in modern times by name. Means the central power centers Land Zhēnlà (turn methane) is stress individual hotels, located in the southern region of Laos Champa promotion currently controlled on various areas of the northeast region of Thailand and Cambodia, Stung Treng, Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom, which was under the control of the city Īśānapura or Sambour Prey Kuk central political center. [2
Chariots Chenla and Funan Empire
We should know that before the Russian offensive Zhēnlà King Jayavarman fans sent ambassadors to China in the last 539 years. China in the mid-7th century Funan Empire sent envoys to China yet of Funanese and NATO moved the capital from Ban Ki-moon to the south, because the city was devastated. Chenla located southwest of Lin Yi, a vassal of Funan Empire and its center was located Bassac area in Laos today. A mountain near the capital have called penis Gandharva (Kyrgyzstan police staff phosphate), which on top of the castle guards 1,000 regular and dedicated the Statue (Catholic phosphate) always. Every year, he always celebrated sacrifice there at night. According to the inscription King Zhēnlà bird originally from sage swap mvou Śambhupura and neangtepoabsaar Statue camera given to The Queen. KING collapsed Bhavavarman first name Srebrenica Son hotels Jayavarman built Srebrenica Individual hotels may Bassac. Perhaps these kings and who helped rescue residents from the chains tribute by its leaped effortlessly moved from of Funanese management. In the 2nd half of the 6th century Zhēnlà increasingly more powerful of Funanese offensive. While King Jayavarman type 1, the son of King Prithu duration Sailendra Jayavarman is a grandson of the king Jayavarman He is married with a giant fish, Cambodia reacholoksmei maternal relatives Srebrenica hotels Jayavarman. Thereby, the slogan of the 11th confirmed bird inscription children hermit mvou Suryavarman Vong (Zhēnlà) to saomovong (Funan Empire). The cause of this war there are many hypotheses as follows: some think King Jayavarman type 1 came against usurp the throne of grace Jayavarman. According to Yi Xing Chinese Buddhist wrote at the end of the 7th century: from Funan Dharma growth and spread everywhere, but now there is a wicked king had destroyed all the monks alone. They can conclude that the wicked king, surely King Jayavarman language. But he avocado trilogy - Philippines Pot - hkro slie of understood from the floods destroyed irrigation system then Kampuchea became sediment desolate people ran to higher ground north thereby In 550, King of Bhavavarman hit Funan to create Kingdom neck mvou NEC. We see that this is why the battle of Funanese Zhēnlà and Conflict plus the royal throne. In the mid-6th century Jayavarman type 1 and his fellow single mother name Citrasena launched an offensive Funan. According to the inscription of Jayavarman language and you Citrasena Kratie they pressed on the eastern shore of the Mekong River to Buriram between and Dângrêk Mongkol and the west of the lake. Before this emergency of Funanese troops have been a capital reduction Vyadhapura to fossil located south of the place (police Colonel), historians will Borei Takeo today. [29]

Variation migrations and social status
Descendants of the ethnic Khmer growth big time, yet obesity is a major factor isolated territory. Further features of the country's economic and political evolution of the country depend on farmland. River plains rich pond. So Funan small land area for rice requires a series veatdei way coerced slaves forces farmers. Farmland is owned by the state and the construction of dams and drainage system is built and led by civil servants.
Zhēnlà flourishing economy. The Funan Empire victims of natural causes economic decline. This is a good opportunity for Chenla dynasty conquered Funan Empire. Chenla king Jayavarman language and Citrasena of Funanese offensive roughly between c. 550. Funan Empire fell into the hands Chenla dynasty King Jayavarman type 1 of Funanese and turns. In the 8th century, between the years 706 is divided into two Land-rich hills and valleys and Chenla rich in lakes and sea.
Internal divisions between the two Zhēnlà as possible for thieves Java Sailendra Dynasty invaded and taken and royal officials to Java.

Civilization
Civilization Zhēnlà was relying on documents that recorded during the Sui Dynasty China Īśānavarman 1 - roles talents copy of the book from my study abroad China's Century 13. [30]

Human life
People in small black letters like Funan women, mostly white (from chaulomlob?). Both sisters Huangluo and clubhouse. Such physical characteristics seen as Loeu many who live in the highlands today. Locals Zhēnlà Intelligent ideas and firm size. Considered holy right hand and the left hand is unclean. Every morning they wash toothpick, read a book or prayers. Before the meal always wash again, and when they eat, they always toothpick and renewed prayers. Foods like milk candy mustard, rice and millet. Reabnheate popular Jude (inscription). Neihu brothers married women that this is different from Funan era. At first, the men were leukchomnoun then her wedding day to bring her daughter to the house of his son through a broker. Both families were at home until 8 days, and day and night lamp. When the marriage ended sons received an inheritance from their parents, and a separate house to live apart. Dead parents to a single child will receive the remaining heirloom that if all children have a wealthy husband and wife were taken to the storerooms. All funeral famine 7 days and shaved and was shouted. Demise monk and nun funeral march by singing and playing music. Postdoctoral body built from sandalwood items in silver or gold urn to throw into the water. Poor land use urns painted some bodies thrown into preismsaean. Another habit is another move wearing armor and weapons, and to have a bit bloody fighting immediately. [31

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Khmer Empire

Khmer Empire

A mvou NEC but Shawcross (read: Radius Vuthy beverages technique) is an empire among the realm of the most powerful in Southeast Asia empire grew out of the former kingdom of the mvou NEC sometimes ruled over and / or parts of Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Malaysia and modern which used to be a vassal of the body. [1] The greatest legacy of the Empire is Angkor Resort capital city in the era of the realm orgasm. Angkor is evidence of great wealth and influence of the Khmer Empire, the same belief system separate to promote the former. Empire's official religions, including Hinduism and Mahayana later Theravada Buddhism has been widely circulated among the middle class lower after Theravada has been input from Sri Lanka came in the 13th century. [2] Modern researches by satellites have revealed Angkor area collection of people the world's largest pre-industrial. [3]
History
The establishment and progress
Rajoy Jayavarman 3-founder of Angkor
The first data about the spoil Jayavarman 3 K.235 from the inscription on a stele in temple stock northeastern Thailand. Dated 1053 AD.. Is counted back two and a half centuries of service to members of the founding family's main palace Khmer temples as chief chaplains of the Shaivite Hindu religion. [7]


Archers mounted on elephant back
Through the description of a long King spoil Jayavarman 3 was supposed to be a prince who lived in the palace of the Sailendra dynasty in Java (Indonesia today) and brought home the art and culture of Sailendran court Java to the mvou NEC but Shawcross back. [8] This classical theory was reiterated by modern scholars such as Claude - Kazakhstan (Claude Jacques) [9] and Michael Vickery, etc. - Voice severity (Michael Vickery), who noted that Khmer called Java is Chams its neighbors instead. [10] Moreover, the political life of his plunder Bhavavarman began in Vyādhapura men (probably Banteay Saigon) in eastern Cambodia, which created a relationship for a long time with them (for there were skirmishes as inscriptions, some raised ) than sitting for a long time in distant Java even more. [11] Finally, many early temples on Phnom Kulen shows the influence Champ (eg. Prasat) and Java (eg. temple outset is temple monastery factory China and castles adapter), although asymmetric's castle seems typically Khmer. [12]


Bakong Temple, one of the first temple in Khmer architecture
After he finally returned to his home country, a former police mvou he quickly built his influence subsequently conquered by the king that is competitive and in the year 790 BC.. He became king of a kingdom called mvou Khmer Shawcross. In subsequent years, he has expanded his territory and finally founded his new capital at Hariharalaya Roluos a nearby town in the country. Thereby, he has expanded the scope Angkor from construction of approximately 15 km.. To the northwest. In 802 he declared himself as Church Chakravartin, Rituals, which according to Indian tradition. Thereby he not only appointed by the gods but also superior leadership, but at the same time, he also announced his independent Nakorn Java. King spoil Jayavarman 3 died in the year 834 AD., And he was succeeded by his son, King spoil Jayavarman 4. [13] King spoil Jayavarman 4 died in the year 877 AD., And was succeeded by King Indra Jayavarman 1.

Yasodharapura - the first city of Angkor

The temple and the mausoleum of King Jayavarman 1
Kings reign Following spoil Jayavarman 3 subsequently expanded the territory of Cambodia. Indra Jayavarman 1 (reign AD. 877-889) managed to expand the kingdom without wars, and he began extensive building projects, thanks to the wealth gained through trade and agriculture. First Preah Ko and irrigation handiwork. He was succeeded by his son Jayavarman key 1 (reigned c. 889-915) established a new capital key advances the first city of Angkor.

Central temple was built on a hill Bakheng springing up hills 60 m above the plain on which Angkor sits. Under the leadership of King Jayavarman 1 East Baray was also created a huge pool of 7.5 x 1.8 km..

Beginning of the 10th century, the kingdom's internal divisions. Rajoy Jayavarman 5 established a new capital in the raw Koki (penis men) at a distance of 100 km., Slightly northeast of Angkor. Only with Rajendravarman Jayavarman 2 (reigned 944-968 BC.), Who moved back Yasodharapura Palace. He made plans again the construction of the first and subsequent construction of the temple in the Angkor area, not only the East Mebon on an island in the middle of the East Baray, many Buddhist temples and monasteries were built. In the year 950 AD. The First World War occurred between Cambodia and Champa kingdom in the east (in the modern central Vietnam).


Thommanon
From c. 968 to 1001 are added to the son of the 2nd with Rajendravarman Bhavavarman spoil Jayavarman 6. After he had appointed himself become the new king on the other prince, his rule is very peaceful era marked by prosperity and cultural blossom. He established a new capital near the study advances Jayendranagari. In the court of plunder Jayavarman 6 philosophers, scholars and artists. New castle was built: Banteay Srei temple is to be regarded as a temple in Angkor, the most beautiful and artistic and Temple was the first first Angkorian temple built completely of sandstone. A decade of conflict continued after the death of the spoil Jayavarman 6. The kings who reigned only for a few years, is to be switched off by the subsequent violence by his successors until eventually Suryavarman Jayavarman 1 (reigned c. 1010-1050) was the kingdom throne. Under his leadership has been marked by repeated attempts by his enemies to overthrow him by military conquests. In the West, he has expanded to the city police in Thailand today in the south to the Kra Isthmus. At Angkor, construction of the West Baray began under the leadership of King Suryavarman Jayavarman 1 second big pool (8 by 2.2 km.) After the East Baray. No one knows whether he has a son or Queen.
Suryavarman 2nd Jayavarman - Angkor Wat

khmer map

Buddhist monks at Wat
The 11th century was the period of conflict and brutal power struggles. Only Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 alone (reigned 1113-1150), which makes the kingdom united territory and extended externally. Under the direction of the largest temples of Angkor were built in the past 37 years: Angkor Wat, dedicated to Vishnu. Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 conquered kingdoms of Haribhunjaya west (central Thailand today) and the western region far to the border kingdom of Bagan (Burma modern) in the south to the Malay Peninsula (almost island of Malay) down to the kingdom hectares (which roughly matches the oars continued Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand, modern) in the eastern provinces, most of Champa and some countries in the north, up to the southern border of Laos modern. Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 has sent a delegation to the royal thrown in the southern Indian and offered precious stones to the Emperor tribe Genesis Meteorology toilet disposal 1 c. 1114. [14] the death of King Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 remains controversial yet. The last inscription commemorates his name associated with the Vietnamese invasion, organized according to the plan, starting in 1145. He died during the failed military expedition on the Dai Viet territory around the year 1145 and 1150.

And another consecutive period in which the kings who reigned in the short term and was overthrown by the violence because he succeeded his. Finally, in 1177 mvou was defeated in a naval battle on the Tonle Sap Cham army and was incorporated as a province of Champa.

The war between the Khmer and the kingdom of Champa
Khmer inscriptions and early Chinese historical documents, we note that the country has always been faced with war against the kingdom of Champa often. Because in Southeast Asia or ethnic confrontation Only Khmer and Cham. This war is a war territory veatamnach influence that brings the most severe catastrophic consequences for the fate of Champa.

The beginning of the kingdom of Champa
Cham originated from the Malay or Javanese and Malay police who live in the region, Malaysia and Indonesia today. At the beginning of the 1st century AD the famous Cham art of traveling by sea came to occupy the territory between the Annamite mountain range and the sea. Border territory in the north of Tonkin and the South China provinces next to the Khmer Kampuchea Krom territory. Port is a narrow territory with natural barriers (mountains Annam) prison in the west and the east (China Sea). In the 2nd century AD Cham held territory became a kingdom called Champa kingdom that Chinese passenger named Lin Yi. The first time in its history, the kingdom of Champa was influenced India and Hindu worship. Champ things always proclaimed himself King of Shiva Statue. [15]

The cause of the war, Khmer and Champa
Narrow its territory by increasing the number of people and on the other hand due to the mountain on the west wall Annam high buildings can not pass through the kingdom of Champa no means anything outside of it territory down or up. From 4th to 3rd century AD strengthen all offensive attack seized the Chinese province of Tonkin. But the war did not seem to bring success to the kingdom of Champa. Vietnamese replied Champ unruly space and moved the capital Indrapura down at the staffs and organic matter. Then Cham Capital rubber materials. Moreover, at times the kingdom of Champa Java boat against pirates attacked the ship came and invaded killings often devastating harm to steal and burn from AD 765 to 787. Chinese-dominated army in Tonkin had demolished Champa subjugated. Then.. 1045 Champ defeat the Vietnamese Army troops seized preahreachtheani Indrapura and steal crops Champ's resource wealth. C.. 1061 Cham province's territory Vietnamese as Vietnamese territory. Is the situation so that the kingdom of Champa must advance direction collided expansion down south or towards Cambodia. The first filter down into Khmer territory without an attack or war. Is a small group of thieves who steal killing Khmer people to live. Territory Khmer kingdom district seems not yet exist. They gang Cham Khmer kings sometimes attack killed demolished auction Sometimes he was allowed to live on Khmer territory to serve the political interests Khmer. But come.. 809, in the reign of Jayavarman Jayavarman 3 with a Champ filled a huge army kingdom of Champa was widely military battalion to attack the Khmer kingdom. Champ army failed wreckage scattered all melted. The crisis between the Khmer and Cham continued steadily grew to time. C.. 945-946 dispute Khmer-strong Cham highly limited outbreak of a war. Army leadership of the King Khmer Krom Rajendravarman Jayavarman repelling rid Champ fought hacked troops stormed the kingdom of Champa and take preahreachtheani rubber materials. Champ written inscription talks about this war that the Khmer troops had stolen statues she taxonomy analysis of gold. And accommodation war between the Khmer and Cham kingdom for more than 75 years. Only within the last kingdom of Champa received tremendous pressure from the Vietnamese attacks Champa seemed turned to seek the support of the country. [16]

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mohanokor era of khmer

mohanokor khmer

Time is a great time mvou Shawcross boom peaked in all fields under the leadership of the spoil Jayavarman 7
BABYLON society
People great city is divided into three sessions:

Brahman priesthood and religious groups
The battle has a king and princes
The labor farmer artist craftsman jeweler.

The temple has been built anywhere in the country. Each temple servants and thousands of other rituals. Administration officials received authority from the King managed to build and protect the people in its territory.

Ruling

Cambodian territory BABYLON
Management of
Accordingly great time management philosophy Hinduism. King bengphak deity. Law practitioners and judges award. Moreover, the King's powerful army.

Administrative arrangements
Great feudal era officials. Power management is divided into two central powers and regional powers. He transmitted mcheasaphendei cult of royal power, which originates from the Creator of all, he has the right to land on him, you can make law enforcement and elected officials and confiscate big heart. He was the commander of the army, political leadership and religion.

Immigration
Siam
Siam nationals living in Yunnan, China. In the 8th century, they created a state called Siamese push south. And the Chinese authorities not happy with the southern state of Zhao bokrouk fled into the Indochinese territories gradually. After the breakup push south and the spread of the Mongols.. 13 Siam advanced Indochina more and more, and create a small tribe living on the territory west and northwest. At the end of the 13th century Siam to create an independent state and began to threaten the territorial integrity Khmer since then isolated to date.

Cham
Cham people living along the coast east of Indochina. In the 2nd century AD Cham created a state called Champa. Currently, the state has lost because Vietnamese invasive as whole.

Relations with neighboring countries
Relations with Siam
Siam infiltrate tribes living on the territory of the Khmer back to the 9th century. At the end of the 13th century Siamese tribes created two independent states in Sukhothai River and Mekong Capital Sen. The two Siamese state has complete control of the Khmer power in the territory of the river water and the Korat plateau. In 1283, Siam began to invade Khmer. In the mid-14th century Siam unifying both as a unified state with a capital of Ayutthaya. Since 1351 the king of Ayutthaya came against the city of Angkor and often occupied. Siam always came too threatening, and prevailed against Siamese army already Yat King Khmer capital located Bashan places in the province stand (Santhor) in 1431.

Relationship with Champ
Angkor Champa army invaded Cambodia often tamcheungkok shipmaster. Invaded mvou Shawcross by Chams looting property and burning houses of the Khmer people annually. Then the Khmer troops drove Champ scattered all other series. King Khmer He fought against many Cham Cham kingdom subjugated and Champ tribute to him.
From the reign of King Jayavarman 2 (1113 - 1162) until help Jayavarman 8 (1181 - 1218), Cham and Khmer war revenge often.
In 1145 Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 Champ rise to take a vassal kingdom. 1177 time that the country was chaotic Champ rise came to destroy the city and kill the King Khmer Angkor and put the country's capacity. Rajoy Jayavarman 8 liberated city of Angkor from Champ back in 1181. Khmer troops later captured Cham province Khmer asapeldayour.

Angkor arrangements
After liberation from Java spoil Jayavarman 3 (802), has chosen the northern region favorable Sap agriculture and regional communications center, the Kingdom road to Nakhon port and waterway communications Oc Eo to build capital. Since then, the king of the Khmer defined area as the location of the capital.. 15.

To celebrate the cult of the king with the rank of deity. Hall of him as a representative of the entire universe: the temple in the center symbolizes Mount Meru is considered the core of the universe and walls of water as a symbol of the surrounding mountains and the sea, Mount Meru and temple for penis cult of deposit.
A temple for the royal castle with him when he died, would become his grave.
King Jayavarman 1 (889 - 900) Capital Roluos area located north of Phnom Bakheng as the core of the capital key advances. He built brasaeatophnombakheng observe the Mandate of Heaven.

The growth of the city 
Progress Angkor period into three stages:

Stage 1 from 802 to 944
2nd phase from 944 to 1177
3rd stage from 1181 to 1218.

Angkor began to grow in the reign of King Jayavarman 1 until the end of the reign of Jayavarman Jayavarman 8. Between 944 - 968 with Rajendravarman Jayavarman 2 unification and development mvou Shawcross. In the reign of King Suryavarman Jayavarman 2 (1113 - 1162) other than war to expand his territory to build the famous Angkor Wat. Then after eliminate Cham invaders in 1181 spoil Jayavarman 7 He built the temple surrounded by a laterite wall height of 8 kilometers in length and 3 kilometers in a corner.

The cause of growing
Temple was built for the king alone. He reigned king came to observe the Mandate of Heaven. Temple when he died, he became his own grave. For the king, who reigned then have to try to build a new temple. They later observed temple built when most major advance. This shows that: he succeeded always wants to show its power as the king deity stronger than previous.
From the end of the 9th century Angkorian Khmer ancestors built 2000 castle ruins. While present on the territory of Cambodia statistics Museum 1070 temples, and besides, they are in Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.

Orientation development
The area north of the Great Lake region favorable to agriculture Khmer king cares for irrigation because Baray building coupled with the building of the temple.
Indra Jayavarman 1 (877 - 889) was ordered to dig a Baray northern capital is Indratataka length of 3,000 meters and a width of 800 meters.
King Jayavarman 1 (889 - 900), after the municipal building, and he ordered the digging Baray, Baray called lock inlet.
Otherwise, they see the West Baray baray_tukathla or length of 8 kilometers and a width of 2.2 meters. Building construction, irrigation water problems lead to social development, agriculture, transport, health and academic .

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Dark ages of Cambodia

khmer king

Dark ages of Cambodia covers Khmer history from the nineteenth century to the nineteenth century as a period of decline and loss of territory. Cambodia has peace for a while in the glorious era of time during the nineteenth century because the King of the country, which he has built his capital in the region southeast of the Tonle Sap along the Mekong River, which promote trade with other parts of Asia. This was the period when Spanish and Portuguese adventurers and missionaries first visited the country. But the conquest of the new Siam Capital in Longvek in 1594 defined the purpose of the changes the country and became a pawn in competition effects between the two countries, which is gradually growing power Siam and Vietnam. The resettlement of the Vietnamese in the Mekong Delta has led to the area by the end of the seventeenth century to the Vietnamese territory. Since then, Cambodia had lost the most fertile land and cut off from the sea. Thus, foreign encroachments continued until the first half of the nineteenth century afterwards, the Vietnamese also vowed to devour Khmer territory and forced to Cambodia into Vietnamese culture. [1]
Cambodia's struggle to survive 1432-1863
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Map of Asia in late 1400.
More than four centuries that have passed from converting throw Wasting Angkor nearby mid-15th century until the establishment of a protectorate under French rule in 1863, that period is regarded by historians as the ages of the country a period of calm economic, social and cultural, when the kingdom's internal affairs under the hands of their neighbors, Siam and Vietnam gradually. In the mid-19th century, Cambodia has become the goal of oxygen almost useless in the possession of influence between Siam and Vietnam, and probably will be devoured entirely by either or both also did not know if the French do not intervene given Cambodia a contract to live by the occupation as a colony of their bodies. [Citation needed] fear of losing dying nation and culture continued screenplay huge in the mindset of the Khmer modern and can help our understanding of the nationalist and xenophobic strong Khmer and also underlie support for the Khmer Rouge regime during the late 1970s as well. Founded in 1979, the Democratic Republic of Kampuchea, a Vietnamese state-controlled satellite allows us to clearly see the peak of Vietnam's stage of encroachments already well prepared through tactics since the seventeenth century onward.

Internal stages of gangrene and the gradual encroachment of foreign really fast and is strong evidence in the nineteenth century, when the Khmer influence. After the fall of Cambodia's Angkor Thom palace abandoned the area north of the Great Lake to Thailand and did not move back permanently, except for a brief interval in the late nineteenth century. Back then, however, the Khmer to build monumental buildings have also been stopped. Ancient beliefs such as Mahayana Buddhism and the cult of Hinduism is replaced by Theravada Buddhism and became Khmer cultural harmony and the same as the Siamese. This similarity did not obstructing afraid war between the two kingdoms. During the nineteenth century Khmer army undisputed advantage over Thailand with Burmese, Khmer and invaded the kingdom of Siam several times but still failed.

In the meantime, following the abandonment of Angkor Khmer few remaining survivors, including Siam's aid and also established a new capital was located several kilometers to the southeast in what is now known that this. The new power center located in the confluence of the Mekong and Tonle Sap River. Capital controlled trade along the river, which is the heartland of the country and the kingdom of Laos, and exit through the entrance of the Mekong Delta to the international trade route linking the Chinese coast through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. A new type of state and society appears more and more open to the outside world and confidence in the business sector as a source of wealth than the previous state which rests inside the mainland. Tomhamtomhat of maritime trade with China Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) provides an opportunity to take advantage of many of the honorable members Khmer trade exclusive control of the King. The launch of the EU in this area in the nineteenth century also promote the commercial sector as well.

First contacts with the West

Vietnamese chart a map of Cambodia in Portugal's 17th century panel
References first file in Europe in 1511 by the Portuguese.
Monday monarchy (1516-1566) King of Kings Khmer few major post-Angkorian He moved back to Phnom Penh Lovek. Portuguese and Spanish passengers who visit this city, a city located on the banks of the Tonle Sap River in the north described described the city as a place rich with great wealth. Many products out there, including battery swap precious metals, cotton and silk, incense, ivory, lacquer, livestock (including elephants), and rhinoceros (said by the Chinese pharmaceutical and energy rare). In the late nineteenth century and early seventeenth century Lovek progress of the business community, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Spain and Portugal. All community groups, to be joined later in the same century by Britain and the Netherlands.

During this period (1555-1556), the National Christian clergy Portuguese Senegal Gaspar - - Argentina (Gaspar da Cruz) efforts to introduce Christianity into the country for the first time. Through his own story his efforts failed completely because of the strong conviction on the Brahmins of the Princess and the ruling classes, but however short report created by the mission reflected respect reciprocity province at that time. [2]

Because of all the representatives of all nations, in fact, they were pirates, adventurers or traders, so that period is a period of stormy strong. With the intense pressure by the Siamese to stand back King Sattha 1 (1576-94) put to personal bodyguard around him, as mercenaries Spain and Portugal, and in 1593 he was asked to Spanish governor of the Philippines, came to help. Attracted by the outlook about the establishment of a protectorate Spain in Cambodia and transformed King into King of Christianity back to the governor then sent a force fleet, which has 120 people came, but Lovek fell Siamese already then they come in afterwards. Spain's advantage in strong turbulent situation to a son of his son King Sattha ascended the throne in 1597. The hope of making the country's colonial Spain were destroyed back since at that time they were massacred in Spain two years later without knowing the reason of hostilities on both sides by a group of mercenaries Malaysia.

However, Siam eventually involved in the attacks on the independence of Cambodia Vek occupation in 1594. With the posting of the Thai military governor in the political stage of rule by foreigners was established in the United Kingdom for the first time. Khmer chronicles describing the decline of Longvek is a disaster since then the country has not come back forever. Siam virtually ruled Cambodia for over 300 years, and eventually Wat also lost to France in 1907 after the occupation for more than 450

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